Klinische Onkologie: Fallberichte

Heartbound Invaders: Reviewing Rare Malignant Carcinomas with Metastatic Fervor to the Heart

Carlos A. Cardenas*, Shabnam Abrishami

Rare malignant carcinomas that metastasize to the heart present a complex and challenging clinical problem characterized by a poor prognosis. The spread of cancer cells to the heart, through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, can make treatment complicated, and the prognosis for these patients is generally challenging. Although rare, this type of cancer can occur in any type of cancer such as lung, breast, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and renal cell carcinomas.

The difficulty in precise diagnosis is one of the factors contributing to the rareness of these tumors. The non-specificity of symptoms, including chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and fatigue, often leads to misdiagnosis, mainly when presenting similarly to other heart diseases or cancer treatment side effects.

Although the incidence of cardiac metastasis is relatively low compared to other types of cancer, it is increasing due to improved cancer diagnosis and treatment. Breast cancer elevates the risk of developing this type of cancer since it is among the most common types of tumors that metastasize to the heart.

The treatment of cardiac metastasis is complicated and individualized as it relies on various factors such as cancer type, location, patient's overall health, and quality of life. Systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection are all potential therapeutic options. However, symptom relief takes precedence over curative modalities.

The prognosis for cardiac metastasis is generally bleak since it is diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, and survival time can range from one to six months. Nevertheless, few case reports have shown prolonged survival rates, arising only after aggressive treatment.

In conclusion, this complex and challenging clinical problem requires an accurate and precise diagnosis to prospectively determine and initiate the appropriate patient-specific treatment plan. Through the continued research and efforts of medical professionals, the prognosis of this specific type of cancer has the potential to improve, leading to better treatment options and standards of care for our patients.